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Conversions

Data Storage Converter

Convert bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, and PB — perfect for cloud storage and file size checks.

⚠️ Decimal vs Binary (Why your 1TB drive shows as 931 GiB)

Decimal (what manufacturers advertise): 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes

Binary (what Windows/Linux reports): 1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes

Result: A 1TB hard drive is 1,000,000,000,000 bytes (decimal), which equals 931 GiB (binary). That's not missing space—it's just how the measurements differ.

Live Conversion

Decimal (Base 10) — Advertised

Binary (Base 2) — Operating System

Common File Sizes

Average MP3 song3–5 MB
Average JPEG photo3–8 MB
Average RAW photo25–50 MB
Average email w/ attachment1–5 MB
4K movie (1 hour)50–100 GB

Tip: Type in any unit and all others update instantly. Use copy buttons (📋) to copy values.

How it works

Formula
Base Unit: 1 byte

DECIMAL (Base 10) — what manufacturers advertise:
  1 KB = 1,000 bytes  |  1 MB = 1,000 KB  |  1 GB = 1,000 MB
  1 TB = 1,000 GB  |  1 PB = 1,000 TB

BINARY (Base 2) — what operating systems report:
  1 KiB = 1,024 bytes  |  1 MiB = 1,024 KiB  |  1 GiB = 1,024 MiB
  1 TiB = 1,024 GiB

THE DIFFERENCE (why your drive shows smaller):
  1 TB (decimal) = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes (advertised)
  1 TiB (binary) = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes (actual)
  A 1TB hard drive shows as ~931 GiB in Windows/Linux

Enter a file size or storage capacity in any unit and see the conversion to all others instantly. Supports both decimal (what manufacturers advertise: KB, MB, GB) and binary (what your OS reports: KiB, MiB, GiB). Understand why a 1TB drive shows as 931 GiB—it's the difference between decimal and binary measurements. Includes file size references: songs, photos, movies, emails.

Why this matters

Storage is measured two different ways, which confuses everyone. Hard drive manufacturers advertise in decimal (1 TB = 1 trillion bytes), but Windows and Linux report in binary (1 TiB ≈ 1.1 trillion bytes). This is why your 1TB drive shows as 931 GiB. Understanding both systems matters when buying storage, checking cloud quotas, or downloading large files. This calculator shows both instantly.

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The complete guide to data storage converter

Formulas, examples, and tips explained in plain English

Disclaimer: Results provided by Calcr are estimates for informational and educational purposes only. They do not constitute financial, medical, legal, tax, or professional advice of any kind. Always verify important calculations independently and consult a qualified professional before making financial, health, or legal decisions. Calcr accepts no liability for errors in results or decisions made based on them.